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Original Article

Utilization and Institutional Improvement of Amateur Radio Communication in Disasters: Focusing on the Cases of the U.S. and Japan

재난 시 아마추어무선통신의 활용과 제도적 개선방안: 미국·일본 사례를 중심으로

Youn Hwa Kwon1
,
Min Kyun Eun2*
권 연화1
,
은 민균2*
1Doctor’s Course, Department of Disaster and Safety Engineering, Graduate School, Woosuk University
2Professor, Department of Disaster and Safety Engineering, Graduate School, Woosuk University
1우석대학교 일반대학원 재난안전공학과 박사과정
2우석대학교 일반대학원 재난안전공학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 March 2026. pp. 35-43
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Abstract

Large-scale disasters have repeatedly caused the collapse of commercial communication networks, resulting in the disruption of command and reporting systems during emergency response. This study examines the role of amateur radio as a supplementary disaster communication system and explores legal and institutional measures for its systematic utilization in Korea. To this end, major domestic disaster cases—including the 2022 Uljin–Samcheok wildfires, the 2023 Osong underground roadway flooding, and the 2025 wildfires in northern Gyeongsangbuk-do—were analyzed, along with a comparative legal review of the disaster communication systems of the United States and Japan. The analysis indicates that Korea lacks clear legal foundations, institutionalized public–private cooperation mechanisms, standardized training systems, and technical interoperability frameworks for the disaster use of amateur radio. Based on these findings, this study highlights the need to clarify the legal status of amateur radio and to strengthen institutional coordination in order to enhance the continuity and resilience of disaster communications.

Keywords
Amateur radio
Disaster communications
Communication resilience
Public–Private cooperation

대규모 재난 발생 시 상용 통신망 붕괴로 인해 지휘·보고 체계가 마비되는 문제가 반복되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 한계에 대응하여 아마추어무선을 국가 재난통신 보조체계로 활용하기 위한 법·제도적 개선 방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 2022년 울진·삼척 산불, 2023년 오송 지하차도 침수사고, 2025년 경북북부 산불 사례를 분석하고, 미국의 ARES와 일본의 JARL–MIC 체계를 비교법적 관점에서 검토하였다. 분석 결과, 한국은 아마추어무선의 재난 활용에 관한 법적 근거, 공공–민간 협력체계, 교육·훈련 및 기술 연계 측면에서 구조적 한계를 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구는 아마추어무선을 국가 재난통신체계의 보조 수단으로 제도화하고, 협력체계 구축과 전문 인력 양성, 기술 표준화를 통해 재난통신의 연속성과 복원력을 강화할 필요성을 제시한다.

키워드
아마추어무선
재난통신
재난통신 복원력
민·관 협력체계
References
1

American Radio Relay League. (2015). Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES®) Manual. Newington, CT: ARRL.

2

American Radio Relay League. (2021). Simulated Emergency Test (SET) Guidelines. Newington, CT: ARRL.

3

Federal Communications Commission. (2023). 47 CFR Part 97 - Amateur Radio Service. Washington, DC: FCC.

4

Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2013). Hurricane Sandy After-Action Report. Washington, DC: FEMA.

5

International Telecommunication Union. (2017). Recommendation ITU-D 13.1: Disaster Mitigation and Emergency Response. Geneva: ITU.

6

International Telecommunication Union. (2019). Recommendation ITU-R M.1042: Disaster Communications in the Amateur and Amateur-Satellite Services. Geneva: ITU.

7

Japan Amateur Radio League. (2023a). Annual Disaster Communications Report. Tokyo: JARL.

8

Japan Amateur Radio League. (2023b). List of Disaster-Prevention Cooperation Agreements with Local Governments. Tokyo: JARL.

9

Korea Forest Service. (2022). Analysis of Implications and Improvement Measures for the 2022 Large-Scale Wildfires in Gyeongbuk and Gangwon. Daejeon: KFS.

10

Kyunghyang Shinmun. (2025). Even Text Messages Cannot be Received When Communications are Cut Off: 1192 Base Stations Disabled in Five Regions of Gyeongbuk. https://www.khan.co.kr/article/202503262100001.

11

Ministry of Government Legislation. (2024). Radio Act. Korean Law Information Center. Sejong: MOLEG.

12

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. (2011). Damage to Information and Communications Infrastructure and Recovery Status during the Great East Japan Earthquake. Tokyo: MIC.

13

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. (2019). Guidelines on the Use of Amateur Radio during Disasters. Tokyo: MIC.

14

National Disaster Management Research Institute. (2023). Investigation and Evaluation Report on the Osong Underground Roadway Flooding Accident. Sejong: NDMI.

Korean References Translated from the English

1

경향신문 (2025). 통신 두절되면 문자도 안 온다… 경북 5개 시군 기지국 1192곳 먹통. https://www.khan.co.kr/article/202503262100001.

2

국가재난관리연구원 (2023). 오송 지하차도 침수사고 조사·평가 보고서. 세종: 국가재난관리연구원.

3

법제처 (2024). 전파법. 국가법령정보센터. 세종: 법제처.

4

산림청 (2022). 2022년 경북·강원 대형산불 시사점 분석 및 개선대책. 대전: 산림청.

Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Disaster and Security
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국방재안전학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국방재안전학회 논문집
  • Volume : 19
  • No :1
  • Pages :35-43
  • Received Date : 2025-12-01
  • Revised Date : 2025-12-27
  • Accepted Date : 2026-01-13
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.21729/ksds.2026.19.1.35
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